What are Linux Distributions?
Linux Distributions (also referred as Distros) are Operating Systems built upon the Linux Kernel. Distributions pack different type of system utilities and software packages to provide customized experience to a specific group of users. A Distribution include components such as-
- Linux Kernel– It is the core component of the operating system that manages the hardware of the computer.
- System Libraries– These are pre-written code used by applications and system utilities to perform specific tasks, such as, File Management, Network Configuration, etc.
- Package Manager– It is a set of tools used to install, update and remove software.
- User Interface– It is an interface that facilitates interaction between the user and the computer. There are two types of user interfaces: CLI (Command Line Interface) and GUI (Graphical User Interface).
- Application and Utilities– These are the software that the user use for common tasks like web browsing, file management, text editing, and more. Many distros also include community specific tools to provide efficient working experience.
- Installer– A program or script used to install the operating system onto a computer.
There are more than 600 distributions available, offering both free and paid options, few of the most common Distros are-
| Feature/Distros | Kali Linux | Ubuntu | Debian | Red Hat (RHEL) | Arch Linux |
| Type | Security-focused | Beginner-friendly | Stable, general-purpose | Enterprise-grade | Minimalist, rolling-release |
| Package Manager | APT | APT | APT | YUM (old), DNF (new) | Pacman |
| Target Audience | Penetration testers | General desktop users | Users needing stability | Enterprises, sysadmins | Advanced users, DIY |
| Key Features | Pre-installed security tools, ethical hacking | Easy-to-use GUI, regular updates, LTS support | Stable, well-tested packages, large repo | Commercial support, enterprise-focused | Minimal setup, rolling release, highly customizable |
| Best For | Ethical hackers, cybersecurity professionals | Beginners, desktops, servers | Stability-focused users, servers | Enterprises, production environments | Experienced users, customization lovers |
Linux Licensing-
Linux licensing refers to the legal framework under which the Linux kernel and many other components of the Linux operating system are distributed and used. The licensing model is important because it governs how users and developers can interact with, modify, and distribute Linux software. There are various licensing models available, with the GNU General Public License (GPL), particularly GPLv2, being the most widely used and recognized.
What are the impacts of Linux Licensing?
- General User– Users can freely download, install, and use Linux without cost. Also they may modify the software for personal use and improve it if needed.
- For Developers- Developers can contribute to improving or modifying Linux and release their changes, fostering global collaboration among the developer community. Developers can tailor the software to suit specific needs, creating specialized Linux-based systems.
- For Commercial Use- Companies can use Linux in products or services without licensing fees. Also, Businesses can sell services, support, and customization while complying to the GPL’s open-source requirements.
Which Distribution is best for you?
The choice of distribution varies from person to person depend on their requirements and experience level-
- For Beginners: Ubuntu and Linux Mint are great for new users because they offer user-friendly GUI and strong community support. Also, Linux Mint have a Windows-like experience, making it comforting for beginners to transition to Linux.
- For Advanced Users: Arch Linux and Gentoo are great for those who prefer customization and control. Arch Linux offers minimalist setup that allows users to build a system from the ground up. Whereas, Gentoo provides complete system control but requires manual setup with a steep learning curve.
- For Developers: Fedora is popular among developers due to its focus on latest technologies and frequent updates, making it great for software testing and development. Debian is also a great choice, due its reliability, extensive package repository, and large community enhancing stability for both production and development environments.
- For Servers: CentOS, a community-maintained distribution, closely mirrors Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and is ideal for server environments. Alternatively, Ubuntu Server offers a vast array of server applications with strong community support and ease of use.
- For Lightweight Systems: Ubuntu and Puppy Linux are lightweight options for users with older hardware, these distros efficiently utilizing system resources while providing full functionality making them a great choice for systems with low resources.